Zoning was initially used to ban minorities, and when that was found unconstitutional in 1917 covenants were adopted to the same effect. By 1940, 80 percent of LA and Chicago property banned POC. This has contributed to More profound racism institutionalized in the past perpetuates a subtle and insidious racism today (Oluo) I would assume, because land has been a very valuable asset that appreciated and was passed down over time.
When outright bans of minority groups in white neighborhoods through the use of zoning was deemed unconstitutional in 1917, white communities and developers banded together to form housing covenants, which they wrote into their deeds and community charters. These covenants typically banned property owners from selling or renting property to anybody who was nonwhite. Across the Northern and Western United States, people of color seeking a better life for themselves and their families were pushed into smaller, less desirable, and more crowded areas. The use of covenants was so widespread that by 1940, 80 percent of the property in Los Angeles and Chicago banned Blacks. 27 — Mediocre, pg 125